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Analysis Related to Reconciliation Legislation CBO provided technical assistance, estimates, and other analyses at every stage of the legislative process for the 2025 reconciliation legislation. Over the past quarter, CBO published the following: |
- An estimate of the budgetary effects of Public Law 119-21, relative to the budget enforcement baseline for consideration in the Senate, and an estimate relative to CBO's January 2025 baseline;
- An estimate of the budgetary effects of an amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 1, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, relative to the budget enforcement baseline for consideration in the Senate, and an estimate relative to CBO's January 2025 baseline;
- Information about the budgetary effects of an amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 1, and further information about the budgetary effects of Title VII, Finance, within an amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 1;
- An estimate for H.R. 1, as passed by the House of Representatives;
- Estimates of the budgetary effects of reconciliation legislation as ordered reported by certain House committees;
- A dynamic estimate of the budgetary and economic effects of H.R. 1;
- A preliminary and a more detailed analysis of H.R. 1’s distributional effects;
- An assessment of how enacting H.R. 1 would affect deficits and debt and another assessment of the additional effects of permanently enacting certain tax provisions in H.R. 1;
- Information about the change in the number of uninsured people in 2034 that would result from the enactment of H.R. 1, in comparison to the changes from two policies included in CBO’s baseline projections;
- A letter providing estimated changes in health insurance coverage and additional information about Title IV of H.R. 1, which is related to Medicaid; and
- A slide deck on dynamic analysis of changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in H.R. 1.
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CBO published a blog post describing how the agency supports the Congress in the reconciliation process, and a follow-up blog post explaining how the analysis of H.R. 1 was developed. All of CBO’s publications related to H.R. 1 are available on the “Reconciliation” page of CBO’s website. |
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Cost EstimatesThrough its technical assistance and cost estimates, CBO routinely provides the Congress with information about the effects of proposed legislation on the federal budget. The agency is required by law to prepare a cost estimate for nearly every bill that is approved by a full Congressional committee of the House of Representatives or the Senate.The agency publishes cost estimates at other stages of the legislative process, too, if requested to do so by a relevant committee or by Congressional leadership. Also, CBO estimates the budgetary effects of bills scheduled to be considered under suspension of the rules in the House, a procedure sometimes used to consider legislation on the House floor in an expedited manner. This past quarter, the agency published 267 cost estimates, including those for reconciliation legislation (highlighted above). |
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For inquiries from Members of Congress and Congressional staff about cost estimates, email CostEstimates@cbo.gov; for other inquiries from Members and staff, contact CongressionalAffairs@cbo.gov. For inquiries from the public or the media, email Communications@cbo.gov. |
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