During the three months from July through September, the Congressional Budget Office produced a variety of budget and economic analyses, cost estimates, and analytical products, thus fulfilling its core mission of supporting the Congress during each ...
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During the three months from July through September, the Congressional Budget Office produced a variety of budget and economic analyses, cost estimates, and analytical products, thus fulfilling its core mission of supporting the Congress during each stage of the legislative process. This newsletter is a companion to CBO's Recent Publications and Works in Progress as of September 30, 2025, which offers a summary of recent publications and those scheduled to be released in the coming months.

CBO also regularly publishes presentations and budget and economic data, which can be found on the agency's website. To learn more about CBO, see An Introduction to the Congressional Budget Office.

Recent Publications

2025 Reconciliation Act

CBO's Estimates of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go
Effects of Public Law 119-21

Clarifications of Marketplace Coverage and Eligibility Under Public Law 119-21 (H.R. 1) and the 2025 Marketplace
Integrity and Affordability Rule

Distributional Effects of Public Law 119-21

How the 2025 Reconciliation Act (Public Law 119-21) Will Affect the Distribution of Resources Available to Households

Effects on Deficits and the Debt of Public Law 119-21 and of Making Certain Tax Policies in the Act Permanent

Medicaid State-Directed Payments:
An Update on CBO's Modeling

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The Budget

CBO's Estimates of the 2017 Tax Act: Growth and Revenues

Expired and Expiring Authorizations of Appropriations:
2025 Final Report

Monthly Budget Review:
June | July | August

Sequestration 2025: An Update

Seven Things to Know About CBO's Budgetary Treatment of Potential Changes to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac

An Update About CBO's Projections of the Budgetary
Effects of Tariffs

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Environment

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the Agriculture Sector

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Economy

CBO's Current View of the Economy From 2025 to 2028

CBO's Current View of the Economy in 14 Slides

CBO's Economic Forecasting Record: 2025 Update

How the Effects of Inflation on Households Varied by Income, 1984 to 2022: Working Paper 2025-04

A Survey-Based Shifting-Endpoint Dynamic Term Structure Model of Interest Rates: Working Paper 2025-03

An Update to the Demographic Outlook, 2025 to 2055

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Health Care

Effects of the 2022 Reconciliation Act's Drug Provisions: What Have We Learned So Far and What Questions Remain?

The Estimated Effects of Enacting Selected Health Coverage Policies on the Federal Budget and on the Number of People With Health Insurance

How Changes to Funding for the NIH and Changes in the FDA's Review Times Would Affect the
Development of New Drugs

Growth in the 340B Drug Pricing Program

Preliminary Analysis of How Federal Investment in Nondefense Research and Development Affects the
Economy and the Federal Budget

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Cost Estimates

Through its technical assistance and cost estimates, CBO routinely provides the Congress with information about the effects of proposed legislation on the federal budget. The agency is required by law to prepare a cost estimate for nearly every bill that is approved by a full Congressional committee of the House of Representatives or the Senate. The agency publishes cost estimates at other stages of the legislative process, too, if requested to do so by a relevant committee or by Congressional leadership. Also, CBO estimates the budgetary effects of bills scheduled to be considered under suspension of the rules in the House, a procedure sometimes used to consider legislation on the House floor in an expedited manner. This past quarter, the agency published 228 cost estimates, including the following:

House

Agriculture CommitteeH.R.4550


Appropriations CommitteeH.R.5371


Armed Services CommitteeH.R.3838


Education and Workforce CommitteeH.R.2262H.R.2270H.R.2516H.R.2988
H.R.3170H.R.3453

Energy and Commerce CommitteeH.R.1047H.R.1442H.R.1669H.R.1949
H.R.2319H.R.3015H.R.3062H.R.3109
H.R.3157H.R.3616H.R.3617H.R.3632
Financial Services CommitteeH.J.Res.59H.R.225H.R.976H.R.1469
H.R.1531H.R.3339H.R.3351H.R.3357
H.R.3382H.R.3395H.R.3716
Foreign Affairs CommitteeH.R.1144H.R.2505H.R.2633H.R.3429
H.R.4140H.R.4233H.R.4490
Homeland Security CommitteeH.R.1569H.R.1608H.R.2158H.R.2285
H.R.3965H.R.4057H.R.4058H.R.4070
H.R.4071H.R.5078H.R.5079
Judiciary CommitteeH.R.60H.R.98H.R.589H.R.1163
H.R.1605H.R.2184

Natural Resources CommitteeH.R.281H.R.655H.R.845H.R.972
H.R.1276H.R.1681H.R.1809H.R.1917
H.R.2250H.R.2290H.R.2293H.R.2389
H.R.2462H.R.2876H.R.3168H.R.3857
H.R.4285


Oversight and Accountability CommitteeH.R.1210H.R.2409H.R.4922H.R.5125
H.R.5140H.R.5143

Rules CommitteeH.R.131H.R.183H.R.410H.R.504
H.R.672H.R.900H.R.1043H.R.1044
H.R.1144H.R.1729H.R.1917H.R.2170
H.R.2316H.R.2384H.R.3055H.R.3095
H.R.3343H.R.3424H.R.3425H.R.3426
H.R.3428H.R.3494H.R.3633H.R.3657
H.R.3854H.R.4215H.R.4216H.R.5100
S.1596S.1596

Science, Space, and Technology CommitteeH.R.2600H.R.2984H.R.3679H.R.3705
Small Business Affairs CommitteeH.R.1163H.R.2027H.R.2965H.R.2968
H.R.3174H.R.4549

Transportation and Infrastructure CommitteeH.R.2591H.R.3331H.R.3423H.R.3427
H.R.3477


Veterans' Affairs CommitteeH.R.659H.R.1663H.R.2034H.R.2334
H.R.2605H.R.2701H.R.2721H.R.2791
H.R.2954H.R.3400H.R.3455H.R.3481
H.R.3483H.R.3494H.R.3579H.R.3767
H.R.3854H.R.3951H.R.4446
Other RequestS.1582


Public LawH.R.1H.R.1H.R.1

Senate

Agriculture CommitteeS.222


Armed Services CommitteeS.2296S.2296

Commerce, Science, and Transportation CommitteeS.161S.190S.196S.233
S.254S.289S.306S.318
S.337S.389S.414S.428
S.434S.503S.580S.582
S.606S.725S.759S.769
S.841S.1081S.1092S.1278
S.1437S.1492S.1523S.1626
S.1872S.2318

Foreign Relations CommitteeS.1478S.1731

Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs CommitteeS.81S.572S.594S.727
S.766S.848S.850S.854
S.855S.856S.865
Indian Affairs CommitteeS.390S.620S.632S.673
S.719


Judiciary CommitteeS.237S.419S.527S.539
S.1038S.1316S.1563S.1595
Small Business and Entrepreneurship CommitteeS.1555S.1703

Veterans' Affairs CommitteeS.610S.635S.654S.702
S.778S.787S.827S.972
S.1318S.1320S.1383S.1441
S.2392S.2393

For inquiries from Members of Congress and Congressional staff about cost estimates, email CostEstimates@cbo.gov; for other inquiries from Members and staff, contact CongressionalAffairs@cbo.gov.

For inquiries from the public or the media, email Communications@cbo.gov.